Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a viral infectious disease that can affect all types of birds. It is caused by influenza A viruses, which are classified into two main groups: low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). LPAI viruses typically cause mild or no symptoms in birds, while HPAI viruses can cause severe illness and death.
Avian Influenza A Viruses
There are 16 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses, and several of them have been known to infect humans. The most common subtypes that have infected humans are H5, H7, and H9. Human infections with avian influenza A viruses are rare, but they can be very serious. The most severe cases of human infection have been caused by H5N1 and H7N9 viruses.
Transmission of Avian Influenza A Viruses to Humans
Humans can become infected with avian influenza A viruses through contact with infected birds or their feces. This can happen if you touch an infected bird or its feces, or if you breathe in dust that contains the virus. You can also become infected if you eat undercooked poultry or eggs from an infected bird.
Symptoms of Avian Influenza A Virus Infection in Humans
The symptoms of avian influenza A virus infection in humans are similar to the symptoms of seasonal influenza, and can include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Vomiting and diarrhea
In some cases, avian influenza A virus infection can cause severe respiratory illness, pneumonia, and even death.
Preventing Avian Influenza A Virus Infection in Humans
There are several things you can do to help prevent avian influenza A virus infection, including:
- Avoid contact with infected birds or their feces.
- Do not eat undercooked poultry or eggs.
- Wash your hands often with soap and water.
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
- If you have any symptoms of influenza, see your doctor right away.
Treatment for Avian Influenza A Virus Infection in Humans
There are antiviral medications that can be used to treat avian influenza A virus infection in humans. However, these medications are most effective if they are taken within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.
Avian influenza A viruses are a serious public health concern. As the virus continues to evolve, there is a risk that it could become more easily transmissible to humans. It is important to take steps to prevent avian influenza A virus infection, and to seek medical attention immediately if you have any symptoms of the disease.